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回转钻具
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回转钻进：
回转钻进由顶部驱动的钻头运用向下排入的空气进行钻进。由液压钻子或方钻杆驱动提供回转力。钻头在钻进时被固定到钻柱上由其带动旋转，通过补给气压和回转扭力碎岩，岩渣由压缩空气、泥浆或泡沫排除，它们随钻柱内部持续循环进入钻头的水孔或喷嘴，从钻杆和孔壁间的环形空间向上排。
给进气压和回转转速决定着进尺速度和施工效率。通常软岩用低风压配高转速、硬岩用高风压配低转速。
回转钻进通常用来钻凿大直径爆破孔或进行深孔施工，在中软岩层上施工效果最好。回转钻进代表性的用途是水井、油井、勘探、地热勘查和大型露天采矿作业。
回转钻头：
合适的钻头能有效地实现进尺和钻头寿命的最佳化，故钻头是回转钻具的核心。选择回转钻头最需考虑的是最佳的进尺效率、钻进寿命和性价比。此外，钻头选择还取决于钻进用途、岩层类型和可钻性、拍渣方式和施加到钻头的钻压。
回转钻头基本上分四种：刮刀钻头，牙轮钻头，岩芯钻和复合片钻头（岩芯钻和复合片钻头信息请查阅另一章节）。
Rotary Drilling：
In the rotary drilling mechanism, the hole is drilled by a top drive rotating bit to which a pull-down pressure is applied. A hydraulic rotary head or kelly-stem drive provides rotation. The bit is fastened to, and rotated by, a drill string in drilling progress. Feed pressure and rotary torque crush and grind the rock while debris and cutting is flushed from the hole by compressed air, mud or foam, which continuously circulated down the inside of the drill string through water-ways or nozzles in the bit, and upward in annular space between the drill pipe and bore hole.
Feed pressure and rotation rate determines penetration and efficiency. And usually, soft rock requires lower feed pressure and faster rotation speed, while harder rock requires high feed pressure and slower rotation speed.
Rotary drilling is generally used for large-diameter blast-holes or for deep hole drilling and is most effective in soft to medium rock. Water and oil wells, exploration drilling, geothermal research and large open-pit mine drilling operations are typical rotary applications.
Rotary Drill Bits：
Optimum bit styles maximize penetration rate and bit life. So the core of all rotary drill strings is the bit. The most concern in selecting a rotary drilling bit should be to ensure optimum penetration rate, service life and cost effectiveness. Besides, bit selection is oriented by the drilling application, type and drillability of rock to be drilled, the type of flush to be used and the ability to apply load to the bit.
Basically there are four types of rotary drill bits: drag bits, roller cone bits, diamond bits and PDC bits (diamond bits and PDC core bits’ information is on other section).
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